equi-recursive type in ocaml †

参考: Developing Applications With Objective Caml より、

たとえば、タプル型でリストを作ったりできる。以下の例では、-rectypesを使って、1の無限リストを直積型で実現する。 Haskellではこれはできない。Nominalな型システムだから?(耳学問、ソース求む)

$ ocaml
        Objective Caml version 3.09.3

# let rec ones = (1, ones);;
This expression has type int * (int * 'a) but is here used with type int * 'a
# ^D

$ ocaml -rectypes
        Objective Caml version 3.09.3

# let rec ones = (1,ones);;
val ones : int * 'a as 'a =
  (1,
   (1,
    (1,
     (1,
      (1,
       (1,
        (1,
         (1,
          (1,
           (1,
            (1,
             (1,
              (1,
               (1,
                (1,
                 (1,
                  (1,
                   (1,
                    (1,
                     (1,
                      (1,
                       (1,
                        (1,
                         (1,
                          (1,
                           (1,
                            (1,
                             (1,
                              (1,
                               (1,
                                (1,
                                 (1,
                                  (1,
                                   (1,
                                    (1,
                                     (1,
                                      (1,
                                       (1,
                                        (1,
                                         (1,
                                          (1,
                                           (1,
                                            (1,
                                             (1,
                                              (1,
                                               (1,
                                                (1,
                                                 (1,
                                                  (1,
                                                   (1,
                                                    (1,
                                                     (1,
                                                      (1,
                                                       (1,
                                                        (1,
                                                         (1,
                                                          (1,
                                                           (1,
                                                            (1,
                                                             (1,
                                                              (1,
                                                               (1,
                                                                (1,
                                                                 (1,
                                                                  (1,
                                                                   (1,
                                                                    (1,
                                                                    (1,
                                                                    (1,
                                                                    (1,
                                                                    (1,
                                                                    (1,
                                                                    (1,
                                                                    (1,
                                                                    (1,
                                                                    (1,
                                                                    (1,
                                                                    (1,
                                                                    (1,
                                                                    (1,
                                                                    (1,
                                                                    (1,
                                                                    (1,
                                                                    (1,
                                                                    (1,
                                                                    (1,
                                                                    (1,
                                                                    (1,
                                                                    (1,
                                                                    (1,
                                                                    (1,
                                                                    (1,
                                                                    (1,
                                                                    (1,
                                                                    (1,
                                                                    (1,
                                                                    (1,
                                                                    (1,
                                                                    (1,
                                                                    (1,
                                                                    (...)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
# 

val x : int * 'a as 'a という型表現に注目して頂きたい。不動点演算子μで書くとμ'a.int*'a という感じ。

Haskellでムリヤリ同じことをやる †

Haskellでムリヤリ実現するには。

data Rec t = R (t (Rec t))

という「型レベルの不動点演算子」みたいなものを作る。Haskellでは、不動点演算子Yは y = f (y f)となるのを思い出してほしい。

ones = R (1, ones)

などとして使う。このonesの型は

*Main> :t ones
ones :: Rec ((,) Integer)
データ構築子Rを介して再帰を展開する必要がある:
printRec (R (a,r)) = "(" ++ show a ++ "," ++ printRec r
*Main> printRec ones
(1,(1,(1,(1,(1,(1,(1,(1,(1,(1,(1,(1,(1,(1,(1,(1,(1,(1,(1,(1,(1,(1,(1,(1,(1,(1,(1,(1,(1,(1,(1,(1,(1,(1,(1,(1,....

(けいご)

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